U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Tribal Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530-0001
Office of Tribal Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530-0001
202-514-8812
cc all copies of your correspondence with them to the reporter covering this at the New York Times, which just published the article below, so he can get a sense of how the public is responding to the DOJ's neglect. This guy Timothy Williams has done some good reporting - check him out here.
Not everything about the incidence of violence in Indian Country - or the rest of the nation, for that matter - can or should be addressed with police and prosecution - by then, someone else has already been hurt. INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence has a lot of excellent resources about alternative justice systems, prison abolition, and violent crime from the perspective of survivors of oppression.
We need to build a better library of resources and knowledge here on tribal justice, too. Folks with resources more specific to Indigenous communities and justice are encouraged to drop me a line so I can pass them on. I'm Peggy at prisonabolitionist@gmail.com.
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Higher Crime, Fewer Charges on Indian Land
NEW YORK TIMES
February 20, 2012
By TIMOTHY WILLIAMS
Indian reservations across the United States have grappled for years
with chronic rates of crime higher than all but a handful of the
nation’s most violent cities. But the Justice Department, which is
responsible for prosecuting the most serious crimes on reservations,
files charges in only about half of Indian Country murder investigations
and turns down nearly two-thirds of sexual assault cases, according to
new federal data.
The country’s 310 Indian reservations have violent crime rates that are
more than two and a half times higher than the national average,
according to data compiled by the Justice Department. American Indian
women are 10 times as likely to be murdered than other Americans. They
are raped or sexually assaulted at a rate four times the national
average, with more than one in three having either been raped or
experienced an attempted rape.
The low rate of prosecutions for these crimes by United States attorneys,
who along with agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation generally
have jurisdiction for the most serious crimes on reservations, has been a
longstanding point of contention for tribes, who say it amounts to a
second-class system of justice that encourages law breaking.
Prosecutors, however, say they turn down most reservation cases because
of a lack of admissible evidence.
Brendan Johnson, the United States attorney for South Dakota, said the
government in recent years has deployed extra prosecutors and F.B.I.
agents to Indian Country. And the Justice Department says it is seeking
to make its decisions more transparent. Impatience on reservations is
understandable, Mr. Johnson said.
“If I had the rates of crime in my community that they do, I’d be mad, too,” he said.
But tribes say they are rarely told why reservation cases are not pursued by the government.
“One of the basic problems is that not only are they declining to
prosecute cases, but we are not getting the reason or notification for
the declination,” said Jerry Gardner of the Tribal Law and Policy Institute
in West Hollywood, Calif., which works with tribes to develop justice
programs. “The federal system takes a long time to make a decision, and
when it comes to something like a child sexual assault, the community
gets the message that nothing is being done.”
Under federal law, tribal courts have the authority to prosecute tribal
members for crimes committed on reservations, but cannot sentence those
convicted to more than three years in prison. As a result, tribes
usually seek federal prosecution for serious crimes.
Frustration has grown so acute that some tribal members have sued the
government for declining prosecutions and for what they say is the
related issue of sloppy police work.
Last month, a federal court in Montana allowed the family of Steven
Bearcrane of the Crow Reservation to sue an F.B.I. agent who Mr.
Bearcrane’s parents say conducted a flawed homicide investigation into
their son’s death at 23. The lawsuit also said the United States
attorney’s office has a practice of rejecting criminal cases in which
the victims are Native Americans.
The Justice Department said it has made headway in resolving conflicts
with tribes, pointing to a directive to United States attorneys to work
more closely with tribal leaders and to the Tribal Law and Order Act, approved by Congress in 2010, which sought to strengthen tribal law enforcement systems.
But Tao Etpison, former chief judge of the Tonto Apaches in Arizona,
said federal prosecutors typically live, work and try cases hundreds of
miles from Indian Country. And at times, according to federal data, the
Justice Department declines to prosecute violent reservation crime
because local United States attorneys have said they lack sufficient
resources. “These crimes are very serious for the reservation, but the
prosecutors really don’t see it from a reservation perspective,” Mr.
Etpison said.
Federal prosecutors in 2011 declined to file charges in 52 percent of
cases involving the most serious crimes committed on Indian
reservations, according to figures compiled by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse at Syracuse University, which uses the Freedom of Information Act to recover and examine federal data.
The government did not pursue rape charges on reservations 65 percent of
the time last year and rejected 61 percent of cases involving charges
of sexual abuse of children, the federal data showed. In contrast, the
Justice Department declined 20 percent of drug trafficking cases
nationwide, according to the federal figures.
Once federal prosecutors do decline a case, they seldom hand over
evidence to tribal courts, according to the Government Accountability
Office. An office report last year also found that federal prosecutors
fail to tell tribes that they have declined cases until after the
tribe’s statute of limitations has expired.
Federal prosecutors, however, say they seek to provide as much
information as possible to tribes about cases they decline, though they
are often limited because the cases may be reopened later.
Kerry J. Jacobson, an assistant United States attorney in Wyoming, said
undertaking tribal prosecutions while the government decides whether it
will file charges would create more problems than it would solve.
“We can’t turn over our evidence while we are doing our investigation,”
she said. “And I don’t want victims of sexual assault to have to testify
twice.”
Much of the time, however, victims do not testify at all.
On the San Carlos Reservation in Arizona, Mr. Etpison, the former tribal
judge, said federal prosecutors had declined to pursue at least 40
sexual assault cases in recent years, most of them involving children.
Thomas W. Weissmuller, a former chief judge for several tribes, said he
presided over a trial on the Swinomish Reservation in Washington State
in which a 31-year-old man was accused of pouring root beer schnapps
into the root beer of a girl who had recently turned 13. The girl,
unaware of the alcohol, drank the soda and passed out. The man covered
her face with her own clothes and raped her.
Mr. Weissmuller said that in spite of a DNA match and statements from
two relatives who interrupted the attack, federal prosecutors did not
file charges.
Though convicted of rape in tribal court, the man served only one year
in jail — the maximum penalty in the tribal system at the time. The
Justice Department declined to discuss the case.
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